Panic Attacks

Panic Attacks

ā€œI was on my way back from work on the subway, when I suddenly found it really hard to breathe. I was sweating, clutching at my tie desperately. I could feel my heart racing, and my knees felt very weak. I was terrified -I honestly thought I was going to die!ā€
Have you ever experienced anything similar?

What is a panic attack?
A panic attack is much more than experiencing anxiety. Although it involves anxiety symptoms, such as palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, feeling weak, chest pains, trembling; it also includes the feeling that something terrifying is happening to you, such as losing control, going crazy, or even having a heart attack. This is why when someone suffers from a panic attack they desperately try to escape from the situation, and might even go to ER to check that theyā€™re not dying.

What can happen after a panic attack
After having experienced a panic attack, some people can then develop frequent panic attacks and/or worry constantly about having another one. This is what is known as Panic Disorder, where youā€™d constantly be worrying about having another panic attack and its consequences (losing control, fainting, etc). In other cases, people fear being in a place where it would be hard to get out of if they did have a panic attack, and therefore begin to avoid certain places (supermarkets, public transport, the cinema, etc), leading them to isolate and even struggle to leave their house.

Problematic ways of coping
Since experiencing a panic attack is so terrifying, some people adapt their life in order to reduce the chances of having another one. This may mean that they stop doing things where they might experience symptoms similar to the ones in a panic attack (such as exercise), or they may be scared of going out alone in case they have a panic attack and thereā€™s no one there to help them. In the same way, some people use substances to gain a sense of ease, or constantly check their bodily symptoms to ensure that they arenā€™t close to experiencing a panic attack (which can in fact trigger even more anxiety and actually lead to a panic attack). This of course has a huge cost on their social as well as personal life, narrowing down their world more and more each time since they would be cutting out on meaningful things in their life.

What to do instead
If you have identified any of the above behaviours in your own life, then it seems like therapy might be a good option for you. Your therapist would analyse your case, and help you understand what it is that triggers and maintains your own anxiety.

To simplify, what youā€™d be working on together is for you to regain control of your life. What would you be doing if it werenā€™t for this constant fear? What do you feel that you are you missing out on? What plans and choices would you be making, both in your day-to-day life as well as generally speaking, if it werenā€™t for this dreadful fear? In this way, you would be helped to reduce the avoidant behaviours (such as having quitted exercise, or declining social invitations, for instance). Escaping from these situations has probably helped you feel relieved in the moment; however, they have just maintained and increased your fear in the long-run, making you feel even more trapped. Your therapist would help you create your own personal ladder of fears so that you can together begin to confront those situations gradually, starting off with those that seem more manageable, and lastly overcoming the harder ones. You wouldnā€™t be plunging into these situations -at the same time, youā€™d be learning coping skills to help deal with the triggering feelings that may arise. Some of these tools might be deep breathing exercises, encouraging self-instructions and grounding exercises, for example. In fact, you would practise them together in session. For instance, if your mind is constantly on the look out for signs that you might be having another panic attack, you will learn that they are actually false alarms, so you would practise to make room for these uncomfortable feelings (with exposure techniques, allowing you to overcome ā€˜the worry hillā€™) and you would identify those panicky thoughts as anxiety speaking and learn to not buy into them (this is what we call ā€˜defusingā€™ from our own thoughts). Most importantly, your therapist would help you question what the worst thing about feeling that youā€™re losing control might be, and find if you experience that in other areas of your life too.

What to do if you actually did have a panic attack
Each case can be different, but generally speaking, it is advised to find some physical space (donā€™t have people leaning on you or talking too close to you, and try to find some place with fresh air). Then put into practice grounding strategies to bring your mind back to the present moment. One of my favourite ones involves going through the five senses -trying to mentally name five different things you can see, four different things you can hear, three different things you can touch, two different things that you can smell, and to take one big, deep breath. This will help bring your attention to whatā€™s really going on around you, and not to what your anxiety is telling you that youā€™re experiencing.

Miriam Mower
Departamento PsicolĆ³gico, PsicoterapĆ©utico y Coaching
Miriam Mower
PsicĆ³loga
NiƱos, adolescentes y adultos
Idiomas de trabajo: EspaƱol e inglƩs
Ver su Curriculum

ĀæCĆ³mo puedo mejorar la relaciĆ³n con mi hijo adolescente?

ĀæCĆ³mo puedo mejorar la relaciĆ³n con mi hijo adolescente?

Ɖsta es una pregunta que me hacen muchos padres frecuentemente. Cuando los niƱos son pequeƱos resulta mĆ”s fĆ”cil- nos cuentan todo lo que les ha ocurrido durante el dĆ­a, nos piden ayuda y piden pasar tiempo con nosotros. Los adolescentes, sin embargo, estĆ”n en una etapa donde quieren su espacio. Difieren de nuestras opiniones, y las actividades que les proponemos les parecen de lo mĆ”s aburridas.

Por ello, es importante mostrar interĆ©s en sus hobbies para poder compartir tiempo juntos; ya sea siguiendo una serie o viendo partidos juntos. Otro elemento importante es pedirles ayuda ya que los adolescentes sienten que les estamos diciendo constantemente lo que hacer. Por tanto, si les pedimos consejo, o que nos expliquen sobre temas de los que sepan mĆ”s que nosotros, sentirĆ”n que les estamos validando y tratando como los adultos jĆ³venes que son. Del mismo modo, cuando nos cuenten sus dilemas, no debemos empezar por decirles ā€œTienes queā€¦ā€, sino escucharles, preguntarles quĆ© han pensado hacer ellos, y despuĆ©s proponerles alternativas, siempre validando las suyas, por supuesto.

Lo mƔs importante es recordar que uno de los pasos mƔs importantes de la adolescencia es estimular su autonomƭa. No hay un libro de instrucciones que acierte con todos ellos, pero como regla general, serƔ importante permitir que se equivoquen y que aprendan de sus errores, pero sobre todo, que vean que siempre estarƩis allƭ para escucharles y aconsejarles cuando lo necesiten.

Miriam Mower
Departamento PsicolĆ³gico, PsicoterapĆ©utico y Coaching
Miriam Mower
PsicĆ³loga
NiƱos, adolescentes y adultos
Idiomas de trabajo: EspaƱol e inglƩs
Ver su Curriculum

Entrevista con Miriam Mower

Entrevista con Miriam Mower

Ā”Hola!Ā  Gracias por tomar el tiempo para contestar estas preguntas.

En primer lugar, Āæpuedes contarnos tu puesto en Kingā€™s College? Ā ĀæQuĆ© haces, y con quiĆ©n trabajas principalmente?

Soy la psicĆ³loga de los alumnos de secundaria. Puedo ver a los alumnos de forma regular (semanal o quincenalmente) o como ā€˜drop-offā€™, es decir, pueden venir a verme sin cita previa si necesitan hablar con alguien en ese momento. Por tanto, puedo enseƱarles herramientas frente al estrĆ©s, de autocontrol, habilidades sociales, etc; y tambiĆ©n puedo ayudarlos en un momento puntual, si han tenido alguna discusiĆ³n con un amigo o si se sienten abrumados con un examen, por ejemplo.

AdemĆ”s de todo eso, tambiĆ©n realizo evaluaciones en el colegio para proporcionar las ayudas necesarias tanto dentro de nuestras aulas como en los exĆ”menes oficiales para aquellos alumnos con problemas de atenciĆ³n o de aprendizaje, entre otros.

Por Ćŗltimo, tambiĆ©n imparto charlas sobre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, sobre cĆ³mo manejar el estrĆ©s acadĆ©mico, o sobre cualquier otro tema que sea relevante en un momento dado.

ĀæCĆ³mo describirĆ­as a los adolescentes de hoy en dĆ­a?

La adolescencia es una etapa complicada, donde los adolescentes sienten que ya son adultos y quieren tomar sus propias decisiones, pero como la corteza prefrontal aĆŗn no ha terminado de desarrollarse, las decisiones son cortoplacistas e impulsivas. Muchas veces se sienten abrumados con facilidad, y como aĆŗn no han formado su identidad, se muestran curiosos e independientes.

Los adolescentes de hoy en dĆ­a pasan por este mismo proceso pero en un contexto muy distinto al que fue el nuestro, ya que hoy en dĆ­a tiene mucho peso la tecnologĆ­a. Esto implica muchas mĆ”s distracciones (videojuegos, telĆ©fonos mĆ³viles, etc) y a su vez, una mayor presiĆ³n social a travĆ©s de las redes sociales, que a pesar de que esta herramienta les ayuda a estar mejor comunicados, muchas veces es un factor de peso que contribuye a su estrĆ©s o a sus inseguridades.

ĀæCuĆ”les crees que son las mayores dificultades a las que se enfrentan los adolescentes?

Puesto que la adolescencia es una fase complicada, es muy frecuente que los adolescentes sufran mucho estrĆ©s o que presenten una baja autoestima. El origen de esto dependerĆ” de cada uno, ya que puede deberse a su entorno social, temas acadĆ©micos, sus propias inseguridades, o a una combinaciĆ³n de todas ellas. En algunos casos mĆ”s extremos, esto puede llevarlos a sufrir ansiedad, depresiĆ³n, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria o incluso a abusar de sustancias.

Por todo esto, considero que es tan importante encaminarnos hacia la prevenciĆ³n. Muchas veces los adolescentes se sienten bloqueados y abrumados, y el apoyarlos y guiarlos en una direcciĆ³n mĆ”s centrada en la soluciĆ³n que en el problema no sĆ³lo les enseƱa herramientas que usarĆ”n mĆ”s adelante a lo largo de su vida en mĆ”s contextos, sino que tambiĆ©n los protege para que no desarrollen otros problemas. Es importante trabajar con ciertas caracterĆ­sticas que les hace mĆ”s vulnerables frente al estrĆ©s, como son la necesidad de que todo ocurra aquĆ­ y ahora, tener expectativas irrealistas, o ser excesivamente autoexigentes.

ĀæCuĆ”les son tus Reglas de Oro para la comunicaciĆ³n entre padres y niƱos?

La comunicaciĆ³n con adolescentes puede ser muy difĆ­cil. Hay que intentar mantener un equilibrio entre querer decirles lo que creemos que deberĆ­an hacer, y a su vez permitir que se equivoquen y aprendan por sĆ­ solos. De hecho, muchos de los adolescentes aseguran que uno de los motivos por los que nunca se abren a sus padres es precisamente porque no quieren oĆ­r unĀ ā€œTe lo dijeā€Ā ni sentirse juzgados. Es esencial que validemos cualquier preocupaciĆ³n que tengan, por mucho que desde nuestro punto de vista no parezca ningĆŗn dilema, y fomentar que elaboren posibles soluciones o alternativasĀ (ĀæY tĆŗ quĆ© has pensado? ĀæQuĆ© opciones se te ocurren?ā€),Ā en vez de correr a darles nuestro consejo en forma de ordenĀ (ā€œEs que deberĆ­as decirleā€¦ā€).Ā Por supuesto que podemos darles nuestra opiniĆ³n y guiarles de forma indirecta, diciendo por ejemplo:Ā ā€œMmm.. Entiendo a lo que te refieresā€¦pero, ĀæquĆ© consecuencias podrĆ­a tener decirle eso?ĀæTĆŗ crees que podrĆ­a enfadarse y dejar de contar contigo?ā€.

Otra queja que tienen los adolescentes es que sienten que sus padres sĆ³lo les hablan para decirles lo que tienen que hacer o lo que no estĆ”n haciendo, por lo que es importante reconocer tambiĆ©n lo que sĆ­ hacen y reforzĆ”rselo. TambiĆ©n es aconsejable que las conversaciones no giren siempre en torno al tema acadĆ©mico, ya que para su bienestar emocional serĆ” importante que compartan actividades de ocio en familia ya que, de la misma manera en que cuando eran mĆ”s pequeƱos habĆ­a tiempo para ir al zoo en familia, ahora se recomienda buscar tiempo para realizar juntos actividades que les interesen (ir al cine a ver una pelĆ­cula que les apetezca, o seguir la misma serie de TV juntos para poder comentarla despuĆ©s).

Por Ćŗltimo, la clave en la comunicaciĆ³n con adolescentes es la paciencia. Tienen muchos altibajos emocionales, creen que nadie les entiende y se agobian con facilidad; pero debemos recordar que somos un ejemplo para ellos, y de nada sirve pedirles que se tranquilicen si nosotros tambiĆ©n perdemos los nervios cada vez que estallan.

La adolescencia es una edad difĆ­cil. Ā ĀæPor quĆ© elegiste trabajar con esta poblaciĆ³n? Ā ĀæQuĆ© te atrae de este grupo?

Bueno, la verdad es que curiosamente lo que mĆ”s agota de los adolescentes es precisamente lo que mĆ”s me gusta de trabajar con ellos- sĆ­, son muy intensos, con muchĆ­simos altibajos, cambios de opiniĆ³n, etc; pero esta energĆ­a tambiĆ©n se ve reflejada en terapia al mostrar mucha iniciativa e interĆ©s por querer aprender nuevas estrategias.Ā  AdemĆ”s, una vez que tienes una buena relaciĆ³n con un adolescente, se muestra contento y aliviado por poder contar con alguien con quien hablar sobre cĆ³mo se siente, por lo que se implican mucho en terapia.

Siempre me ha llamado la atenciĆ³n la adolescencia ya que es una etapa crucial donde la mayorĆ­a de las veces nos enfrentamos a nuestras primeras dificultades- tenemos que tomar decisiones importantes que marcarĆ”n nuestro futuro, el colegio es mucho mĆ”s exigente que antes, hay mĆ”s interacciones sociales y, consecuentemente, mĆ”s presiĆ³n por quedar bien en ellas, etc. No obstante, considero que si les brindamos a los adolescentes el apoyo necesario en esta etapa y les enseƱamos estrategias de afrontamiento, serĆ”n mucho mĆ”s resistentes frente a dificultades futuras, y hasta disfrutarĆ”n de esta fase adolescente.

Miriam Mower
Departamento PsicolĆ³gico, PsicoterapĆ©utico y Coaching
Miriam Mower
PsicĆ³loga
NiƱos, adolescentes y adultos
Idiomas de trabajo: EspaƱol e inglƩs
Ver su Curriculum

Empower Your Child

Empower Your Child

We have all had times when our children come home from school, upset because of a disagreement they have had with a friend. Our immediate reaction, once they have told us about the awful things that this friend has said or done, is to want to call that friendā€™s parents to make sure he/she is told off and doesnā€™t do it again. But is this really the best thing to do? In many cases, what actually happens is that the other childā€™s parents feel offended, as if their child was being accused of some kind of bullying, so it ends up being a dispute between the parents rather than the children.

Instead of rushing in to settle our children’s disputes, it is more advisable to leave it to them to work out, since it will teach them valuable life-skills such as problem-solving and social skills. We must remember that disagreements are a part of life, and we wonā€™t always be there to rescue our kids from them. In order for them to be able to defend their rights adequately at school, university, work, or in future relationships, our children first have to learn to develop these skills. It is precisely through these disagreements where they will learn to do so, realising that people react in different ways from us, and that different ways of expressing ourselves have different consequences. Therefore, if instead of allowing them to put these skills into practice and we do it for them, they will always be awkward in any other future disagreements, expecting others to intervene for them. This will undoubtedly affect their self-esteem, since they will perceive themselves as dependent and incompetent. So, what can we do to help them in these situations?

The first step is actually to listen to our children. This seems pretty obvious, but it doesnā€™t only imply nodding and validating their feelings, it also means understanding what it is that has actually bothered them. Sometimes, it turns out that what for us seems the most offensive attitude isnā€™t really what has set them off. For instance, if your child tells you that he asked his best friend to play this new game that he had just invented, and that his friend instead went off to play with someone else, what might seem hurtful for us (preferring to play with someone else) might not be what has offended him (not being thrilled by his new game).

After listening to your child, the next step is to prompt him to see his friendā€™s point of view. Ask him why he thinks that he might be behaving in this way, or what might have upset him. In addition, ask your child if he can remember any time that he has felt like that, encouraging him to be empathetic.

Lastly, help your child come up with a solution based on mutual respect. Here it is very important to teach your child to be flexible and diplomatic. Most times, the best alternative will be to come up with a compromise where both of them will have to give in to some extent in order for both of them to be happy. Other times, if it is a situation where your child feels hurt because of something his friend has said or done, the solution might simply be to help him express his feelings, rehearsing how he will tell his friend how he has felt without being defensive or blaming the other person. However, other times the solution might actually be to teach your child to admit his mistakes and how to apologise to his friend for having overreacted.

In conclusion, although it can be really hard as a parent not to get too involved in our childrenā€™s disagreements, it is essential that they learn to deal with these situations themselves, since having parents do it for them takes away the chance for them to experience the satisfaction of having resolved the situation successfully. Just think about how gratifying it is to make peace with your friend after an argument! As Carl Whitaker explained:Ā ā€œConflict should rightly be considered the fertiliser for life. While it is not always fragrant, it is crucial for optimal growthā€.

Miriam Mower
Departamento PsicolĆ³gico, PsicoterapĆ©utico y Coaching
Miriam Mower
PsicĆ³loga
NiƱos, adolescentes y adultos
Idiomas de trabajo: EspaƱol e inglƩs
Ver su Curriculum